lenses镜片
glasses眼镜
sights视野；风景
crystals水晶，晶体
You should have your eyes tested every year in case the lenses of your spectacles need changing.
turn up出现，露面 hang out 把……挂出
turn in归还，递交 hang up 把……挂起，挂断(电话)
turn out原来是，证明是 hang together 结合在一起
turn to求助于；求教于 hang round 闲荡
collaborate合作，合著 in collaboration with
compile汇集；编辑
gather聚会，集会
collect意为“收集；集合
When Sarah and I collaborated on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.
fee 费(如会费，入场费，手续费等) aid辅助器具 translate变换，把…转化成
tax 税，税款 help帮助 transfer移交，迁移
payment 支付，付款 support支持 transplant移植(器官)
premium 津贴；酬金 tool工具 transmit传染(疾病)，传达(知识)
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿…而不愿…
No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything there is going on in the world.
There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be (if there should be) a sudden loud noise.
Henceforth 从今以后 in the way意为“妨碍(某人)
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.动词expect后必须接动词不定式作其宾语
understand better than... 对…非常理解
I understand better than most the enormous amount of preparation that staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline.
contribute to (doing) sth.有助于，促成
I’m sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.
It is no good doing sth 做…没用
lest意为“以免”，后接虚拟语气should+动词原形
She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children should take it by mistake.
attribute to把…归因于 on principle根据行为准则；按照原则
contribute to有助于，促成 in principle原则上；基本上
When I got out of the car and walked about among them, except for one old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer.
except for除…以外 后接名词
see that 留意…；负责…；务必…
except that 除去…之外 后接句子
provided that 倘若，在…条件下
no(not)...but...没有……不…… a point of honor 涉及名誉的事情
no(not)...without...没有……不，除……不 in one’s honor 为某人的荣誉”
no(not)...unless没有……就不…… on one’s honor 以名誉担保
not...until直到……才…… an honor 光荣的人或事
There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。
can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over, too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越…越”。例如：
You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。
We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。
to know better than to do sth.表示责备 应该知道不该做某事
You should know better than to leave your little sister at home by herself.
might as well后接动词原形 不妨，何不
resort to (doing) sth.求助于
She resorted to stealing when she had no money to buy foods for her children.
It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.
on the market 上市，出售
This house will probably come on the market next month.
put up 宿夜
put in 度过，消磨（时间等）
put down 写下，记录
put on 上演，演出
I put up with the Browns during my stay in New York City.
suggest, propose, demand ,insist, recommend, command等动词后面的宾语从句中，应使用（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气。
but for 意为“要不是”，它的典型使用就是在虚拟语气的句子中
He might have been killed but for the timely arrival of the ambulance.
当turn为“行为，举止”时，常与good, bad, ill，evil连用。do sb. a good turn 做利于某人的事
He did me a good turn by lending me ten pounds.
Mac’s close resemblance to his brother made people mistake them for one another.
technical技术的，技能的 a patch of 一块…… below (智力、地位、军阶等)低于
technological 技术学的，工艺学的 a bunch of 一串…… under (尺寸、价值、数量、程度、标准等)少于，低于
technique 技术，技能 a pinch of 一撮…… beneath 在…下方；(地位，级别等)低于，次于
technology技术（学），工艺（学） a packet of 一包…… down 往…下端
pay back 回报，报答
pay for 为…付出代价
pay up 全部付清
pay off还清债务；清偿欠(某人)的债务
“If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves paid back in action later on.”“如果我们不能现在采取行动”，汤姆说，“我们会发现自己在以后的行动中得到回报”。
限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词→名词中心词。
take it out on sb. 拿某人出气 固定结构
It’s not fair that you come home after a bad day at work and take it out on your wife and children.
for fear that 后接虚拟语气，（should）+动词原形。
She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.
have no business doing /to do something 没有权力，没有理由做某事
You have no business interfering with my affairs.
We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours works miracle.
unless 引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。
lay up 因痛（或伤残）卧床 常用被动语态
lay out 摆出，展开
lay by 储存
lay down 牺牲，献出
Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is laid up with a cold.
consist in 在于，存在于
rely on 依靠，依赖
be composed of 由…构成
comprise 由…组成；构成
She often says her greatest happiness consists in serving the handicapped children.
live up to 遵守，实践（诺言，原则）
live on 以…为生
live through度过，经历过
live with 忍受；容忍
We have a high regard for Prof. Joseph because he always lives up to his principles.我们十分尊重约瑟夫教授，因为他总是信守原则。
The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as if to remember something pleasant in the past.“as if +不定式”是一个常见的结构，意为“好像”。
be to blame 是一个习惯搭配，意为“该受责备”。
It turned out that the children were not to blame for the accident.
Setting up a committee might be a way to do/ of doing the project more efficiently.
It pains sb. to see...意为“看到…使某人感到痛心”。
It pains her to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.看到那片山区有那么多孩子连小学都上不起，她感到很痛心。
admit, appreciate, avoid, consale, defer, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, mention, mind, miss, quit, postpone, practise, resist, risk, (can’t) stand, suggest, give up, put off等后面只能接动名词。
That the sun and not the earth the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages.太阳系的中心是太阳而不是地球这一事实被中世纪的教会认为是异端邪说。
That引导主语从句，全句的谓语是was considered.
Sometimes a bus conductor gets on the bus to check the tickets.(公共汽车售票员)
My cousin Nancy is often in a poisonous mood; I suppose it’s because she is an only child.(独生子)
just as...，so... 如同…，也是…”。
Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, as is stress.
正象休闲一样，紧张也是我们生活中的一个重要部分。
in the case of...意为“在…的情况下”；in case of 意为“以防，万一”
We can make an exception in the case of John.
我们可以把约翰的事作为例外。
wrapping paper 包装纸
on end 连续不断地 和表示时间的词连用
at length 最后，终于
in full 全部地
in time 及时，不迟
The two scholars worked at the task of writing a preface to the new dictionary for three hours on end last night.
那两位学者昨天晚上花了三个小时为新字典写序。
I can’t read the marks and notes Jim made in the margin. They are too faint. (不清楚的，模糊的 修饰字迹。)
ck is very knowledgeable about wines.杰克对酒很在行。
excuse sb. from (doing) sth. 允许不(参加)某活动 用被动语态
I beg to be excused from your nephew’s wedding.我请求不去参加你侄子的婚礼。
He ought to attend the meeting, shouldn’t he ?
当should和ought to作“应该”之意时，可互换，表示推论。但在疑问句中一般不用ought to而用should,比如：Should we begin?而不会用Ought we to begin?
make charges for是词组，意为对……收费，索价。
Doctors often make higher charges for their works than they should.
医生们经常索取比他们应得的高得多的费用。
His name was on the top of my tongue, but I just couldn’t remember.
他的名字就在我嘴边，但我就是想不起来了。
I caught a glimpse of the name of the book before she put it into the drawer.
在她把书放进抽屉之前，我瞥见了书名。
admission和admittance都是“准入”的意思，但admission常用于公共场所，admittance用于私人场所
All too soon it was time to go back to school after the Spring Festival.
He handled the company in collaboration with his brother.
他与他兄弟合作处理公司事务。
Jean could be a very attractive girl but she pays no attention to her clothes. 这里第一句表示虚拟，后一句表示现在的真实情况。
have a campaign,chance,courage,opportunity,right to do sth.
To survive in the intense market competition, we must gear(使……适合，配合)the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.
In view o(考虑到，鉴于)his poor record in school, the board thinks that he should study hard.
Shakespeare is the favorite of mine.
We hadn’t expected a power cut so we were astonished when the whole house was plunged into darkness. 我们并未料到会停电，所以当整个屋子一下子变得漆黑时我们大吃一惊。
Valid 有效的，合法的 通常指证件等合法、有效
operative指法津、法规，规定等“有效的”
effective常指方法或措施有效，强调能达到预期效果
efficient可以指人有能力或指某方法
Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit to the expenses of the trip.
在游客出发之前，他们花很多时间设定旅途花费的限额。
“Tina looks especially pretty tonight.”
“Yes, she always looks her best in a dress of that color.” dress指一切衣服；a dress表示一件女衫。
meet the demand of 满足(某人等)的需要 exposure of sth. 对……的暴露
meet the demand for 满足对……的需要 exposure to sth. 暴露在……
According to the acoustics, continual exposure to noise of high intensity would lead to loss of hearing.
根据声学，持续暴露在高强度噪音下，会导致失聪。
They will never reconcile themselves to their defeat. (甘心, 接受)
The matter is not to be trifled with. 这个问题不可轻视。
stumble upon偶然找到，发现
While doing calculation for the project, the designers stumbled upon a new solution to a geological problem.
在对工程进行计算时，设计人员碰巧找到了解决地质问题的方法。
of late 近来 (当这个词用于句中时，要用完成时态)
They have visited the park of late.
他们最近参观了那个公园。
I’d just as soon 宁愿 (后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气)
I’d just as soon you did’t take those important papers with you.我倒宁愿你没有把那些重要文件带在身上。
The theme of the novel is that a person’s fate is closely tired up with that of the wh
ole country.
个人命运是与国家命运紧密联系在一起的。
My brother has decided to become a policeman, come what may.不论发生什么事，我弟弟都决心成为一名警察。
come what may相当于whatever may happen 不论发生什么情况 (固定用法,其中come是用动词原形，may有时也可用will替换,在这一用法中，主谓必须倒装)
I wish to go home with you, may I?
simulate假充，冒充 be disgusted with对……厌恶
stimulate刺激，激发 get acquainted with 开始认识某人，开始了解某事
steal sth. from sb.
rick sb. out of sth 骗去某人的东西
rob sb. of sth 抢劫某人的东西
deceive sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事。
“How much money do you need?”
“Well, $200 will see me through.”
“你需要多少钱?”“嗯，200美元可使我渡过难关。”
in line with 与……一致，按照，符合
The mayor didn’t have time so far to go into it at length, but he gave as an idea about his plan.
市长还没来得及详尽地说明，但他向我们透露了该计划的总体构想。
“What can I do for you, sir?”
“I want a dime’s worth of candy.” “你要买什么，先生?”“我要买十美分的糖果。
worth of 某种价钱的份量 (用法：“币值’s+worth+of+可数与不可数名词)
buy sth. on credit 赊购
Old Chinese are not used to buy things on credit and are likely to save as much money as possible.
老一辈的中国人不习惯赊账，而有存钱的习惯。
In 1776 the United States announced the Declaration of Independence to break away from the British Empire and became an independent country.
美国于1776年颁布独立宣言脱离英帝国的统治而成为一个独立的国家。
“Would you send this message to Prof. Wilson?”
“Sure, I’ll be seeing him about something else in any case, so there won’t be any bother at all.”
“你能给威尔逊教授传个话吗?”“当然，我不管怎样也要见他说别的事情，
所以一点也不麻烦。”
“During last decade, there have been many changes in family life.”
“Are these changes for the good or for the bad?”
“过去十年来，家庭生活出现了许多变化。”“这些变化是更好了还是更坏了?”
Tom was born in London on May 7, 1952 at 4:45 in the morning. (日期前用介词on，时刻前用at，上下午前用in)
accuse与of连用，而charge和with连用。
He was charged by the police with breaking the law.
throw light on 使……更为清楚，阐明
The new evidence threw some light on the case.
be disappointed in表示对……感到失望
be disappointed with后应接指人的词
be disappointed at后应接指东西的词。
The student was disappointed in the prize awarded by the school. 这个学生对学校发的奖金感到失望。
that cost of living表示生活费用
living expenses指生活开支(经费)，(复数形式)
offset 抵销，补偿
onset 开始，突然开始
outset 开端，开始
outlet 出口、出路。
He has to offset his mean salary by living economically. 他不得不生活得很节俭以弥补可怜的收入。
“How could you buy the whole flat?”
“I bought it on account.”(赊帐)
All living things must, by reason of (由于)physiological limitations, die.
所有生物都由于有生理极限而必须经历死亡。
lay sb. off 暂时解雇某人 call on 号召
lay aside 储蓄，把某物放在一边 call for 要求，需要
lay out 展示，安排，布置 call forth 唤起，引起
lay down 制定、规定 call in 召集，召来
When workers push together to organize themselves in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them off. 当工人们以工会的形式自发组织起来，雇主要解雇他们变得困难。
The medical report contains a multitude of(许多，大批) words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. 这份医学报告包涵了许多在日常对话中相对使用很少的单词。
As a matter of fact, Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves are second only to(仅次于)those of Kuwait.
实际上，沙特阿拉伯的石油储量仅次于科威特。
blow one’s top 发脾气见到丈夫又喝醉了，玛莉大发脾气。
Mary blew her top when she found her husband drunk again.
cut off 切断 revel in 着迷，十分爱好 sit on 开会讨论
cut short 中断 relate to with 与…相联系 sit in 旁听
cut into 侵犯(利益) revert to 回到，恢复到 sit down 坐下
cut up 切碎 revive in 在……上复活 sit up 端坐
The owner of the auto plant refused to raise the workers’ wages, saying that it would cut into the profit. 车厂老板拒绝涨工人工资，说那会减少公司利润。
at the mercy of 在……支配中
a coat of 一层…涂层 bring forth 使产生 assume 假定，设想
a story of 一层……楼 bring forward 提出 consume 消费
a film of 一薄层…… bring up 教育 presume 假设
a pad of 一层……垫层 bring about带来，造成 resume 重新开始
as best (one) can表示尽最大努力
John has to prepare the mathematic examination as best he can.约翰不得不尽最大努力准备数学考试
none other than 不是别人(或他物)而正是 (一般用在以人为主语的句子中)
The girl under the tree is none other than my sister.树下那女孩不是别人，正是我的妹妹
询问别人对某事的想法、看法时------what do you think of...或How do you like…
After much calculation they decided to give him the position of manager.
经过深思熟虑，他们决定给他经理的职位。
attend on / attend up 照料，侍候 televise live 实况转播
alternately 交替地 mobilized 运动的，流动的，好动的
alternatively 两者择其一地 mobile被动员的
moved被移动的
in good taste 大方，得体
She decorated the room in good taste good taste.
get sth.across to sb.使某事被某人了解
Michelle found it difficult to get his British jokes across to Australian audiences.米歇贝尔发现让澳大利亚听众听懂这些英国笑语很困难。
get over痊愈，恢复，淡忘
on the spot 在场，在现场
be on location 在拍摄外景
The news item about the traffic accident is followed by a detailed report made on the spot .
Because there was little heat in the bed room, Even was cold most of the night.
be worth doing sth. / \worthy of doing sth. / worthy to be done 值得做某事
set/put sb. right 使…恢复健康
be on good terms with 与……和睦相处
The store was jammed with people shopping for household wares.这家商店挤满了买家用品的人。
That fellow excels at (擅长) long distance running. Vi.
tip one ’s hat 轻触帽沿以示敬意 take one’s revenge 报复
be wary of 提防，小心翼翼 be at a disadvantage处于不利地位
be confined to 被限制 be at an advantage处于有利地位
She walked 7 miles today in order to lose weight; I never imagined that she could walk so/that far.
